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Cyclone Leon–Eline was the longest-lived Indian Ocean tropical cyclone on record, traveling over 11,000 km (6,800 mi) during its 29 day duration. It formed on February 1, 2000, in the Australian basin as Tropical Cyclone Leon. After crossing 90° E, the Météo-France office in Réunion (MFR) began tracking the system as Tropical Storm Eline on February 8. Late on February 17, Eline made landfall near Mahanoro, Madagascar, with 10 minute winds of 165 km/h (105 mph). The storm rapidly weakened over land, but restrengthened in the Mozambique Channel to reach peak 10 minute winds of 185 km/h (115 mph). On February 22, Eline made landfall about 80 km (50 mi) south of Beira, Mozambique, near peak intensity, and quickly weakened over land. The well-defined circulation moved across southern African, finally dissipating over eastern Namibia on February 29. While moving across much of the Indian Ocean, Eline brought high waves, gusty winds, and rainfall to several islands. Later, Eline struck Madagascar while the country was in the midst of a cholera epidemic that had killed over 1,000 people. The storm directly killed at least 64 people, although Tropical Storm Gloria struck shortly thereafter, compounding upon the damage and making it difficult to discern the individual damage totals. Damage from Eline was estimated at $9 million (USD), and collectively the two storms killed 205 people and left another 10,000 homeless. In the region around Vatomandry, where Eline made landfall, 65% of houses were damaged, 90% of crops were lost, and 75% of health facilities were wrecked. Before Eline's final landfall, Mozambique was experiencing the worst floods since 1951, killing about 150 people. The additional rainfall and flooding from Eline created the country's worst natural disaster in a century. The combined effects destroyed over of crop fields and killed 40,000 cattle. Eline's passage disrupted ongoing relief efforts. High levels along the Limpopo River isolated the town of Xai-Xai, with water levels along the river reaching as high as above normal in some areas, as well as wide. A dam broke along the river, flooding the town of Chokwe in the middle of the night and trapping several unprepared residents; this accounted for nearly half of the death toll. About 55 people drowned in Sofala Province after rescue helicopters arrived too late to save them. Around 20,000 people in the capital city of Maputo lost their homes. In addition to the floods, strong winds blew away many roofs and some entire houses made of mud. The combined effects of the preceding floods and Eline left about 329,000 people displaced or homeless, about 700 deaths, and damage estimated at $500 million (USD). The cyclone and the floods disrupted much of the economic progress Mozambique had made in the 1990s since the end of its civil war. Elsewhere in southern Africa, Eline brought strong winds and heavy rainfall when it crossed into eastern Zimbabwe, maintaining a well-defined structure. Rivers overflowed their banks in the country, damaging crops and houses while leaving 15,000 people homeless. The storm killed 12 people in the country. Flooding from the storm extended southward into Swaziland and South Africa. In the latter country, Eline dropped of rainfall in Levubu over three days, causing the Limpopo River to reach its highest level in 15 years. Officials opened dams along the river to prevent structural damage, which caused higher levels along the river to the east. At least 21 people died in the country, and about 80,000 people were left homeless, forcing many people into churches and schools. Damage in Limpopo Province alone was estimated at $300 million (USD). To the north, Eline dropped about of rainfall in southern Malawi, while gusty winds caused a power outage in Blantyre. Farther west, rainfall rates of 50–100 mm (2–4 in) were also reported in Botswana. ==Meteorological history== (詳細はlow pressure area developed within the monsoon trough on February 1 about 250 km (155 mi) south of the Indonesian island of Bali. Associated convection was initially sparse due to wind shear, although a developing anticyclone allowed the thunderstorms to persist.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2014-07-15 )〕 At 22:00 UTC on February 3, the Perth Tropical Cyclone Warning Center (PTCWC) upgraded the low to a Category 1 on the Australian tropical cyclone scale, naming it Tropical Cyclone Leon. On February 4, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began issuing advisories on the storm as Tropical Cyclone 11S while southeast of Christmas Island.〔 A ridge to the south steered the storm generally westward. Late on February 5, the PTCWC estimated an initial peak of 140 km/h (85 mph),〔 although increased shear caused weakening.〔 Leon crossed 90° E on February 8 into the south-west Indian Ocean, and was renamed Eline by the Mauritius Meteorological Service.〔 Météo-France (MFR) estimated 10 minute winds of 65 km/h (40 mph) at that time.〔 On February 11, wind shear began decreasing as convection refired.〔 Early on February 14, the JTWC upgraded Eline to the equivalent of a minimal hurricane.〔 That day, the storm passed about 85 km (55 mi) south of St. Brandon and 180 km (110 mi) northwest of Mauritius, although its small structure limited the strongest winds. Early on February 16, Eline attained tropical cyclone status while passing about 160 km (100 mi) northwest of Réunion.〔 The eye became better defined, and while approaching eastern Madagascar on February 17, Eline intensified to reach 10 minute winds of 165 km/h (105 mph).〔〔 Around that time, the cyclone made landfall near Mahanoro.〔 Eline rapidly weakened into a tropical depression over land.〔 After crossing Madagascar for 26 hours, Eline emerged into the Mozambique Channel near Belo,〔 quickly re-intensifying into a moderate tropical storm on February 19.〔 The storm rapidly intensified as it approached eastern Mozambique, becoming an intense tropical cyclone early on February 22 with 10 minute winds of 185 km/h (115 mph). The JTWC estimated peak 1 minute winds of 215 km/h (130 mph), the equivalent of a Category 4 on the Saffir-Simpson hurricane scale.〔 While at peak intensity, Eline made landfall about 80 km (50 mi) south of Beira, Mozambique with gusts of 260 km/h (160 mph), making it the strongest storm to hit the nation in several decades.〔 Although the winds rapidly decreased after landfall,〔 the storm maintained a well-defined structure as it crossed into Zimbabwe late on February 22 and progressed across southern Africa. It eventually reached eastern Namibia, where the circulation dissipated on February 29 and merged with an approaching cold front.〔〔 Throughout its duration, Leon-Eline lasted 29 days, a record longevity for a storm in the southern Indian Ocean. The track was over 11,000 km (6,800 mi), or about 25% of the Earth's circumference.〔 However, Eline was in the south-west Indian Ocean for 21 days, which is the third most on record since the start of satellite imagery. It was behind Cyclone Alibera in 1989 and Cyclone Georgette in 1968, the latter of which lasted 24 days in the basin. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cyclone Leon–Eline」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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